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"Writing a WebSocket server in C# / Java / Javascript (Deno)":

WebSockets communicate over a TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) connection. When a client connects to a server, it sends a GET request to upgrade the connection to a WebSocket from a simple HTTP request. This is known as handshaking.

You must,

After a successful handshake, client can send messages to the server, but now these are encoded.

If we send "abcdef", we get these bytes:

129 134 167 225 225 210 198 131 130 182 194 135

FIN: You can send your message in frames, but now keep things simple. Opcode 0x1 means this is a text. Full list of Opcodes

Decoding algorithm: decoded byte = encoded byte XOR (position of encoded byte BITWISE AND 0x3)th byte of key

//
// csc wsserver.cs
// wsserver.exe

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

class Server {
    public static void Main() {
        string ip = "127.0.0.1";
        int port = 80;
        var server = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Parse(ip), port);

        server.Start();
        Console.WriteLine("Server has started on {0}:{1}, Waiting for a connection...", ip, port);

        TcpClient client = server.AcceptTcpClient();
        Console.WriteLine("A client connected.");

        NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();

        // enter to an infinite cycle to be able to handle every change in stream
        while (true) {
            while (!stream.DataAvailable);
            while (client.Available < 3); // match against "get"

            byte[] bytes = new byte[client.Available];
            stream.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
            string s = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bytes);

            if (Regex.IsMatch(s, "^GET", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase)) {
                Console.WriteLine("=====Handshaking from client=====\n{0}", s);

                // 1. Obtain the value of the "Sec-WebSocket-Key" request header without any leading or trailing whitespace
                // 2. Concatenate it with "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11" (a special GUID specified by RFC 6455)
                // 3. Compute SHA-1 and Base64 hash of the new value
                // 4. Write the hash back as the value of "Sec-WebSocket-Accept" response header in an HTTP response
                string swk = Regex.Match(s, "Sec-WebSocket-Key: (.*)").Groups[1].Value.Trim();
                string swka = swk + "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11";
                byte[] swkaSha1 = System.Security.Cryptography.SHA1.Create().ComputeHash(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(swka));
                string swkaSha1Base64 = Convert.ToBase64String(swkaSha1);

                // HTTP/1.1 defines the sequence CR LF as the end-of-line marker
                byte[] response = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(
                    "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n" +
                    "Connection: Upgrade\r\n" +
                    "Upgrade: websocket\r\n" +
                    "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: " + swkaSha1Base64 + "\r\n\r\n");

                stream.Write(response, 0, response.Length);
            } else {
                bool fin = (bytes[0] & 0b10000000) != 0,
                    mask = (bytes[1] & 0b10000000) != 0; // must be true, "All messages from the client to the server have this bit set"
                int opcode = bytes[0] & 0b00001111, // expecting 1 - text message
                    offset = 2;
                ulong msglen = bytes[1] & (ulong)0b01111111;

                if (msglen == 126) {
                    // bytes are reversed because websocket will print them in Big-Endian, whereas
                    // BitConverter will want them arranged in little-endian on windows
                    msglen = BitConverter.ToUInt16(new byte[] { bytes[3], bytes[2] }, 0);
                    offset = 4;
                } else if (msglen == 127) {
                    // To test the below code, we need to manually buffer larger messages — since the NIC's autobuffering
                    // may be too latency-friendly for this code to run (that is, we may have only some of the bytes in this
                    // websocket frame available through client.Available).
                    msglen = BitConverter.ToUInt64(new byte[] { bytes[9], bytes[8], bytes[7], bytes[6], bytes[5], bytes[4], bytes[3], bytes[2] },0);
                    offset = 10;
                }

                if (msglen == 0) {
                    Console.WriteLine("msglen == 0");
                } else if (mask) {
                    byte[] decoded = new byte[msglen];
                    byte[] masks = new byte[4] { bytes[offset], bytes[offset + 1], bytes[offset + 2], bytes[offset + 3] };
                    offset += 4;

                    for (ulong i = 0; i < msglen; ++i)
                        decoded[i] = (byte)(bytes[offset + i] ^ masks[i % 4]);

                    string text = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decoded);
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}", text);
                } else
                    Console.WriteLine("mask bit not set");

                Console.WriteLine();
            }
        }
    }
}
Deno.serve({
  port: 80,
  handler: async (request) => {
    // If the request is a websocket upgrade,
    // we need to use the Deno.upgradeWebSocket helper
    if (request.headers.get("upgrade") === "websocket") {
      const { socket, response } = Deno.upgradeWebSocket(request);

      socket.onopen = () => {
        console.log("CONNECTED");
      };
      socket.onmessage = (event) => {
        console.log(`RECEIVED: ${event.data}`);
        socket.send("pong");
      };
      socket.onclose = () => console.log("DISCONNECTED");
      socket.onerror = (error) => console.error("ERROR:", error);

      return response;
    } else {
      // If the request is a normal HTTP request, we serve the client HTML file.
      const file = await Deno.open("./index.html", { read: true });
      return new Response(file.readable);
    }
  },
});


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Last modified 09 December 2024