Install: python -m pip install pygame
Run a sample game: python -m pygame.examples.aliens
"""
Basic "Hello, World!" program in Pygame
This program is designed to demonstrate the basic capabilities
of Pygame. It will:
- Create a game window
- Fill the background with white
- Draw some basic shapes in different colors
- Draw some text in a specified size and color
- Allow you to close the window
"""
# Import and initialize the pygame library
import pygame
pygame.init()
# Set the width and height of the output window, in pixels
WIDTH = 800
HEIGHT = 600
# Set up the drawing window
screen = pygame.display.set_mode([WIDTH, HEIGHT])
# Run until the user asks to quit
running = True
while running:
# Did the user click the window close button?
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
# Fill the background with white
screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
# Draw a blue circle with a radius of 50 in the center of the screen
pygame.draw.circle(screen, (0, 0, 255), (WIDTH // 2, HEIGHT // 2), 50)
# Draw a red-outlined square in the top-left corner of the screen
red_square = pygame.Rect((50, 50), (100, 100))
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (200, 0, 0), red_square, 1)
# Draw an orange caption along the bottom in 60-point font
text_font = pygame.font.SysFont("any_font", 60)
text_block = text_font.render(
"Hello, World! From Pygame", False, (200, 100, 0)
)
screen.blit(text_block, (50, HEIGHT - 50))
# Flip the display
pygame.display.flip()
# Done! Time to quit.
pygame.quit()
"""
Complete Game in Pygame
This game demonstrates some of the more advanced features of
Pygame, including:
- Using sprites to render complex graphics
- Handling user mouse input
- Basic sound output
"""
# Import and initialize the pygame library
import pygame
# To randomize coin placement
from random import randint
# To find your assets
from pathlib import Path
# For type hinting
from typing import Tuple
# Set the width and height of the output window, in pixels
WIDTH = 800
HEIGHT = 600
# How quickly do you generate coins? Time is in milliseconds
coin_countdown = 2500
coin_interval = 100
# How many coins can be on the screen before you end?
COIN_COUNT = 10
# Define the Player sprite
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
"""Initialize the player sprite"""
super(Player, self).__init__()
# Get the image to draw for the player
player_image = str(
Path.cwd() / "pygame" / "images" / "alien_green_stand.png"
)
# Load the image, preserve alpha channel for transparency
self.surf = pygame.image.load(player_image).convert_alpha()
# Save the rect so you can move it
self.rect = self.surf.get_rect()
def update(self, pos: Tuple):
"""Update the position of the player
Arguments:
pos {Tuple} -- the (X,Y) position to move the player
"""
self.rect.center = pos
# Define the Coin sprite
class Coin(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self):
"""Initialize the coin sprite"""
super(Coin, self).__init__()
# Get the image to draw for the coin
coin_image = str(Path.cwd() / "pygame" / "images" / "coin_gold.png")
# Load the image, preserve alpha channel for transparency
self.surf = pygame.image.load(coin_image).convert_alpha()
# The starting position is randomly generated
self.rect = self.surf.get_rect(
center=(
randint(10, WIDTH - 10),
randint(10, HEIGHT - 10),
)
)
# Initialize the Pygame engine
pygame.init()
# Set up the drawing window
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size=[WIDTH, HEIGHT])
# Hide the mouse cursor
pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
# Set up the clock for a decent frame rate
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
# Create a custom event for adding a new coin
ADDCOIN = pygame.USEREVENT + 1
pygame.time.set_timer(ADDCOIN, coin_countdown)
# Set up the coin_list
coin_list = pygame.sprite.Group()
# Initialize the score
score = 0
# Set up the coin pickup sound
coin_pickup_sound = pygame.mixer.Sound(
str(Path.cwd() / "pygame" / "sounds" / "coin_pickup.wav")
)
# Create a player sprite and set its initial position
player = Player()
player.update(pygame.mouse.get_pos())
# Run until you get to an end condition
running = True
while running:
# Did the user click the window close button?
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
running = False
# Should you add a new coin?
elif event.type == ADDCOIN:
# Create a new coin and add it to the coin_list
new_coin = Coin()
coin_list.add(new_coin)
# Speed things up if fewer than three coins are on-screen
if len(coin_list) < 3:
coin_countdown -= coin_interval
# Need to have some interval
if coin_countdown < 100:
coin_countdown = 100
# Stop the previous timer by setting the interval to 0
pygame.time.set_timer(ADDCOIN, 0)
# Start a new timer
pygame.time.set_timer(ADDCOIN, coin_countdown)
# Update the player position
player.update(pygame.mouse.get_pos())
# Check if the player has collided with a coin, removing the coin if so
coins_collected = pygame.sprite.spritecollide(
sprite=player, group=coin_list, dokill=True
)
for coin in coins_collected:
# Each coin is worth 10 points
score += 10
# Play the coin collected sound
coin_pickup_sound.play()
# Are there too many coins on the screen?
if len(coin_list) >= COIN_COUNT:
# This counts as an end condition, so you end your game loop
running = False
# To render the screen, first fill the background with pink
screen.fill((255, 170, 164))
# Draw the coins next
for coin in coin_list:
screen.blit(coin.surf, coin.rect)
# Then draw the player
screen.blit(player.surf, player.rect)
# Finally, draw the score at the bottom left
score_font = pygame.font.SysFont("any_font", 36)
score_block = score_font.render(f"Score: {score}", False, (0, 0, 0))
screen.blit(score_block, (50, HEIGHT - 50))
# Flip the display to make everything appear
pygame.display.flip()
# Ensure you maintain a 30 frames per second rate
clock.tick(30)
# Done! Print the final score
print(f"Game over! Final score: {score}")
# Make the mouse visible again
pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
# Quit the game
pygame.quit()
Last modified 13 August 2025