Gibberish

Source

Gibberish is a parser combinator language and compiler designed to produce lossless syntax trees (LSTs) with robust, structured error recovery. It is built for tooling use-cases such as IDEs, language servers, formatters, and linters—where incomplete or incorrect source code must still be parsed meaningfully.

Unlike traditional parser combinator libraries that fail fast and discard structure on errors, Gibberish always produces a tree. Missing and unexpected syntax is represented explicitly, making it possible to reason about and recover from errors without backtracking or global failure.

Getting Started

Prerequisites

Gibberish builds a C library and many of the commands rely on cc being present on the PATH.
For windows you'll need CL.

Note
Depending on a C compiler already seems like it's going to be a pain.
There's likely a lot configuations which won't work under the current setup.
However if this is the case you can generate the C instead, compile it to a shared lib and
point the gibberish CLI to that instead.
I think my plan is to build a Gibberish runtime for when you exeucte 'lex', 'parse', 'watch' etc
to avoid these struggles.
I'm hoping the current implementation is enough to demo the core ideas of the combinators.

Installing the Compiler

Prebuilt binaries are available on the GitHub Releases page.

Download the appropriate binary for your platform
Place it somewhere on your $PATH
The executable is called gibberish

Building from source

git clone https://github.com/mnbjhu/gibberish
cd gibberish
cargo install --path crates/gibberish

Trying an Example Grammar

The fastest way to understand Gibberish is to look at and run the example grammars.

Examples live in:

docs/examples/

For example, the JSON grammar can be parsed and tested against an input file:

gibberish parse docs/examples/test.json --parser docs/examples/json.gib

This will print the lossless syntax tree, including structure, skipped tokens, and explicit error nodes.

Common Workflows

Lex a file

gibberish lex input.txt

Parse a file and inspect the tree

gibberish parse input.txt --parser grammar.gib

Hide tokens or errors for readability

gibberish parse input.txt --hide-tokens
gibberish parse input.txt --hide-errors

Watch a file while editing

gibberish watch input.txt --parser grammar.gib

This is especially useful when developing or debugging grammars.

Key Features

Lossless Syntax Trees (LSTs)
Every token—including whitespace, skipped tokens, and errors—is preserved in the tree.
Structured Error Recovery
Missing and unexpected elements are first-class nodes, not side effects.
Deterministic Parsing Model
Parsers either refuse to start or commit and recover locally—no backtracking.
Parser Combinator Language
Grammars are written compositionally using sequences, choice, repetition, separation, and folding.
Tooling-Oriented by Design
Designed from the ground up for IDEs, diagnostics, formatting, and incremental workflows.

The Gibberish Compiler CLI

The Gibberish compiler provides a set of tools for working with grammars and source files.

Commands

lex
Lex a file and display the resulting tokens.

gibberish lex <src> [--parser <parser>]

parse
Parse a file and display its lossless syntax tree.

gibberish parse <path> [--hide-errors] [--hide-tokens] [--parser <parser>]

watch
Watch a file, reparse it on changes, and display the updated syntax tree.

gibberish watch <path> [--hide-errors] [--hide-tokens] [--parser <parser>]

build
Compile a .gib grammar into a parser library.

gibberish build <path> --output <output>

generate
Generate libraries and APIs from a grammar.

gibberish generate <path>

lsp
Start the Gibberish language server.

gibberish lsp

What Makes Gibberish Different?

Most parser combinator systems revolve around success vs failure. Gibberish instead models parsing as commitment and local recovery:

Parsers may refuse to start (BREAK or ERR)
Once a parser consumes input, it must commit and finish responsibly (OK)
Parsers can tell child parsers to BREAK rather than ERR when failing to pass specific tokens.
When a parser encounters a BREAK (that it wasn't the author of) the parser will finish responsibly
without consuming more input.
Errors are synthesized structurally, not thrown

This allows Gibberish to recover gracefully from deeply broken input while still producing a meaningful, navigable tree.

Documentation (Early & Evolving)

The documentation reflects the current implementation but is still early-stage and evolving. Expect rough edges and underspecified areas.

The following documents capture the core ideas accurately:

Architecture & Runtime Model
Parser state, commitment and BREAK semantics
→ docs/architecture.md
Language & Grammar Syntax
Tokens, keywords, parsers, and grammar expressions
→ docs/language.md
Examples
Complete grammars (JSON, SQL, etc.)
→ docs/examples/

Status

Gibberish is under active development.

The core parsing model is stable
The grammar language may still change
The documentation is incomplete and evolving

If something feels underspecified, it probably is—feedback and experimentation are encouraged.

Tags: langdev parser parser combinator

Last modified 22 March 2026