(by Kent Beck)
Class
- Class (22): Use a class to say, "This data goes together and this logic goes with it"
- Simple Superclass Name (23): Name the roots of class hierarchies with simple names drawn from the same metaphor
- Qualified Subclass Name (24): Name subclasses to communicate the similarities and differences with a superclass
- Abstract Interface (24): Separate the interface from the implementation
- Interface (26): Specify an abstract interface which doesn't change often
- Versioned Interface (27): Extend interfaces safely by introducing a new subinterface
- Abstract Class (26): Specify an abstract interface which will likely change with an abstract class
- Value Object (28): Write an object that acts like a mathematical value
- Specialization (31): Clearly express the similarities and differences of related computations
- Subclass (32): Express one-dimensional variation with a subclass
- Implementor (34): Override a method to express a variant of computation
- Inner Class (34): Bundle locally useful code into a private class
- Instance-specific Behavior (36): Vary logic by instance
- Conditional (36): Vary logic by explicit conditionals
- Delegation (38): Vary logic by delegating to one of several types of objects
- Pluggable Selector (40): Vary logic by reflectively executing a method
- Anonymous Inner Class (41): Vary logic by overriding one or two methods right in the method that is creating a new object
- Library Class (41): Represent a bundle of functionality that doesn't fit into any object as a set of static methods
State
- State (44): Compute with values that change over time
- Access (45): Maintain flexibility by limiting access to state
- Direct Access (46): Directly access state inside an object
- Indirect Access (47): Access state through a method to provide greater flexibility
- Common State (47): Store the state common to all objects of a class as fields
- Variable State (48): Store state whose presence differs from instance to instance as a map
- Extrinsic State (50): Store special-purpose state associated with an object in a map held by the user of that state
- Variable (50): Variables provide a namespace for accessing state
- Local Variable (51): Local variables hold state for a single scope
- Field (52): Fields store state for the life of an object
- Parameter (53): Parameters communicate state during the activation of a single method
- Collecting Parameter (55): Pass a parameter to collect complicated results from multiple methods
- Optional Parameter (56):
- Var Args (56):
- Parameter Object (57): Consolidate frequently used long parameter lists into an object
- Constant (58): Store state that doesn't vary as a constant
- Role-Suggesting Name (58): Name variables after the role they play in a computation
- Declared Type (60): Declare a general type for variables
- Initialization (60): Initialize variables declaratively as much as possible
- Eager Initialization (60): Initialize fields at instance creation time
- Lazy Initialization (62): Initialize fields whose values are expensive to calculate just before they are used
Behavior
- Control Flow (64): Express computations as a sequence of steps
- Main Flow (64): Clearly express the main flow of control
- Message (65): Express control flow by sending a message
- Choosing Message (65): Vary the implementors of a message to express choices
- Double Dispatch (66): Vary the implementors of messages along two axes to express cascading choices
- Decomposing (Sequencing) Message (67):
- Reversing Message (67): Make control flows symmetric by sending a sequence of messages to the same receiver
- Inviting Message (68): Invite future variation by sending a message that can be implemented in several ways
- Explaining Message (69): Send a message to explain the purpose of a clump of logic
- Exceptional Flow (70): Express the unusual flows of control as clearly as possible without interfering with the expression of the main flow
- Guard Clause (70): Express local exceptional flows by an early return
- Exception (72): Express non-local exceptional flows with exceptions
- Checked Exception (72): Ensure that exceptions are caught by declaring them explicitly
- Exception Propagation (73): Propagate exceptions, transforming them as necessary so the information they contain is appropriate to the catcher
Method
- Composed Method (77): Compose methods out of calls to other methods
- Intention-Revealing Name (79): Name methods after what they are intended to do
- Method Visibility (80): Make methods as private as possible
- Method Object (82): Turn complex methods into their own objects
- Overridden Method (83): Override methods to express specialization
- Overloaded Method (83): Provide alternative interfaces to the same computation
- Method Return Type (84): Declare the most general possible return type
- Method Comment (85): Comment methods to communicate information not easily read from the code
- Helper Method (85): Create small, private methods to express the main computation more succinctly
- Debug Print Method (86): Use toString() to print useful debugging information
- Conversion (87): Express the conversion of one type of object to another cleanly
- Conversion Method (87): For simple, limited conversions, provide a method on the source object that returns the converted object
- Conversion Constructor (88): For most conversions, provide a method on the converted object's class that takes the source object as a parameter
- Creation (88): Express object creation clearly
- Complete Constructor (89): Write constructors that return fully formed objects
- Factory Method (90): Express more complex creation as a static method on a class rather than a constructor
- Internal Factory (91): Encapsulate in a helper method object creation that may need explanation or later refinement
- Collection Accessor Method (91): Provide methods that allow limited access to collections
- Boolean Setting Method (93): If it helps communication, provide two methods to set boolean values, one for each state
- Query Method (93): Return boolean values with methods named asXXX
- Equality Method (94): Define equals() and hashCode() together
- Getting Method (95): Occasionally provide access to fields with a method returning that field
- Setting Method (96): Even less frequently provide the ability to set fields with a method
- Safe Copy (97): Avoid aliasing errors by copying objects passed in or out of accessor methods
I really want to expand on this list; I think there's a lot more implementation atoms out there to consider. Much of what Kent put here seems deeply biased/influenced by object-oriented programming paradigms, and I'm certain that's a blinder.
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Last modified 02 October 2024